Dehydration Can Be Deadly For The Elderly
Early diagnosis of this condition is essential but is sometimes difficult because the classical physical signs of dehydration may be absent or misleading in an older person.
Older adults are more prone to developing dehydration due to losses in muscular mass, total body water, and bone mass. If an older individual is sick, they usually become dehydrated more quickly without ever being aware of it. Additionally as we age, the thirst sensation decreases thus compounding the problem.
Some of the physical signs of dehydration to watch for in an older individual, include:
- Dry, cracking skin
- Frequent headaches
- Parched, chapped lips
- Low urine output and/or constipation
- Nasal passages that are particularly dry and/or bleeding
In cases of severe dehydration, changes in blood pressure may also occur. The individual may also act excessively irritable, disoriented or confused and may become dizzy or lightheaded. Prompt intervention is crucial.
How is Dehydration Treated?
Preventing Dehydration
It is important to note that alcoholic beverages as well as tea and coffee (because of their high caffeine content) can contribute to dehydration and should be avoided. If they are consumed, then additional liquids are needed to offset any fluid loss.
Fluid Replacement
Fluid replacement involves slowly replenishing water loss, usually over 48 hours, by drinking liquids or by an intravenous solution (IV).
The best forms of replacement fluids for rehydration include:
- Water
- Clear broths
- Popsicles
- Jell-O
- Drinks that contain electrolytes (Pedialyte, Gatorade, Powerade, etc.)
Monitoring urine output is the best way to determine if the rehydration therapy is working. When the body is dehydrated, the kidneys try to hold on to as much fluid as possible thus urine output is decreased and the urine itself is concentrated. As treatment begins, the kidneys sense the increased fluid and urine output increases.